Preparation for Manufacturing PCB

There are several kinds of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB). They differ in terms of sizes and materials needed for them to be manufactured. A certain amount of preparation is needed before the actual PCB fabrication begins.

P-C-B

First, a diagram of the board should be made. In this diagram, the connections of parts are shown, as well as the different parts needed to be used. Each part in the diagram must have a designator in reference to the list to be made later on.

Second is to list the materials needed for the PCB. Any useful information for each part that is not shown in the diagram can be included here.

Third is selecting the parts to be used for  PCB  fabrication from what is called a data sheet which is provided by part manufacturers. From this, one can select parts with certain specifications, like dimensions. If a part has no data sheet, one can create one for the manufacturer.

Fourth, the board to be used is to be specified; details such as the type of board, its layers, and its dimensions must be made clear. A couple of choices for the type of board can be either fiberglass or phenolic.

The layers of the board can be a single-sided laminate (where components are mounted only on one side of the board), a double-sided laminate (where components can be mounted on either side), or a multi-layer laminate (which is able to route a more complex circuit and distribute power more effectively). The physical dimension of the board differs depending on its function, connections of its parts, and many other external factors.

Fifth is drawing the PCB layout either manually or by computer. For simple circuit boards, the manual procedure for drawing the layout may be quicker but for more complex ones, using computer software is recommended. There are several things to consider when doing this. First is the placement of components. Usually, it is best for these to be placed on top of the board. Proper spacing for each component should be observed as well. Directional orientation should only be either up and down or left and right. The holes that will be drilled for mounting the components should be indicated as well.

Next is the placement of power and ground traces, by avoiding a zigzagging chain from part to part as much as possible, one can have a solid trace. Last thing to consider is the placement of the signal traces. Keeping them as short and direct as possible is recommended. The size of the trace depends on the amount of current it is going to carry. A trace carrying a low current should be smaller than a trace carrying a higher current.

Next, after doing all the preparations, take a moment to check if all the components for the board are placed properly. Check the routing of every signal if there are missing ones or incorrectly wired ones. From the diagram to the layout, check the path for each trace one by one to ensure that the diagram and layout match.

PCBThe last thing to do is to draw a PCB fabrication scheme. In this drawing, it’s necessary to indicate the dimensions of holes to be drilled on the board, the labels for each hole, and its quantity. This drawing, in addition to the other data created, will be used by the manufacturer to make the PCB.

After doing all the preparations, one can now deliver the information to the manufacturer for them to start the PCB fabrication process. It may be a tedious task but careful planning and preparation can help anyone avoid crucial errors in manufacturing the PCB.

Keep your Traditions Alive with www.challengecoins4less.com

Www.challengecoins4less.com can be your partner in keeping traditions alive with your relatives, special group of friends, and business colleagues through tokens in the form of challenge coins. Though the challenge coin has its roots from military traditions, it has slowly found its way to other sectors of the society as a symbol of kinship and affinity. In the corporate world, the coins have become tokens for excellence and pride, a symbol of achievement and the realization of goals.

Celebrating a milestone requires a special token, like the coin, which can be imbued with the significance of the occasion.

Challenge Coins The challenge coins from www.challengecoins4less.com can be customized to contain elements of your milestone, for example, an anniversary, completion of a successful project or its launch, or simply a symbol of commitment and unity. In fact, these coins are collectible so you can use these to start a tradition in your company and commemorate every special occasion with a specially minted coin. You do not have to worry about the coins looking similar, because there are various options to consider in the design. Even when your company logo appears in each special occasion coin, you can introduce subtle differences in its creation to make it unique.

To order specially minted challenge coins for your company, just fill up the no obligation free quote form from www.challengecoins4less.com to start the design process. You can choose the shape of the coin from the traditional ones with circular shape to uniquely shaped tokens like stars, insignias, and dog tags.

Uniquely shaped coins come without extra cost because the company employs a revolutionary mold process for creating custom shapes. After settling on the shape, provide all the elements that you want to be included in the design of the coin, such as images and scans, and any details that you want to include.

Customization of the challenge coins is not limited to their shape because you can have them finished in various ways. For example, you can have the coins crafted to have diamond cut edges, 3D design, engraved rim text, offset digital print, and finish these with epoxy coating or translucent enamel. Whatever design elements you want to consider, it can be adopted to produce a token, which is appropriate for the occasion you intend to use it for.

Design and quality of craftsmanship go hand in hand at www.challengecoins4less.com.

ChallengeCoins For anniversaries and milestones, you can have the challenge coins produced in the traditional polished gold or silver for a clean and flawless appearance, or opt for the more dramatic looking materials like black nickel, antique gold and antique silver. For other occasions, you can choose between antique and polished copper, antique and polished brass, and a combination of styles for each side of the coin for a duo-tone appearance. The customized design of the challenge coins can go beyond the simple choice of material to making it functional, for example as a key chain or a bottle opener.

The presentation of challenge coins as tokens for special occasions can be enhanced to include the use of specially designed PVC pouches and velvet bags, or coin capsules that can be printed with the name of each recipient. The use of special packaging to carry the token is appropriate because it is meant to be kept by the recipient close at hand, for he can be challenged anytime to produce it.

In the military tradition, failure to produce the coin when challenged by a comrade results to the challenged person footing the bill for a round of drinks at the pub. Keeping it close at hand and showing it when challenged means it is the challenger who will foot the bill for the group. You can keep this tradition when giving challenge coins as corporate tokens by developing your own rules while still keeping up with the company tradition that you want to sustain.

If the coin is given as a symbol of excellence, the challenge of the coin can be about dedication and teamwork to complete a job way before a deadline, improve productivity, or provide excellent customer service.

You can establish company traditions using challenge coins, and www.challengecoins4less.com is your best partner in the creation of lasting, beautifully crafted tokens that every member of your team will certainly cherish.

Keeping Your Golf Clubs In Good Condition

The importance of taking care of your golf clubs simply can’t be stressed enough. Simply put, the golf club is the most vital instrument in a golfer’s arsenal, and considering the amount of money anyone puts in them, taking care of golf clubs is crucial to significantly extend their life.

Keeping your clubs in good condition involves doing two things: proper storage and proper maintenance.

Proper Cleaning & Maintenance

Callaway golfGolf clubs are exposed to dirt and mud every time they’re used. During rainy days, they’re exposed to the elements even more. That’s why, it’s highly recommended to clean your clubs after each game, as dirt can easily build up over time. It can also stick to the club heads, and may leave an unpleasant smell to the grips.

There are a number of golf club cleaning kits available from different pro shops. However, if you can’t afford one, gathering a number of household items is more than enough to get started.

• For the club heads, you can simply wash off the dirt by soaking them in warm, soapy water, then scrubbing them off with a brush, also soaked in soapy water. Make sure to brush the heads vigorously, as the debris can get very deep into the club face. Afterwards, use a clean towel to dry them quickly and wipe off excess water from the clubs.

• For woods, extra care should be taken when cleaning them. Their glossy finish might be ruined if you let them soak in the water for too long, so it’s best to avoid doing that. Instead, simply dip them in soapy water for a very brief period of time, then wipe the rest of the debris with a moist cloth. If some debris still remains even after this, especially on the grooves in the club face, use a soft-bristled brush to remove it.

Golf Grips• To clean the grips, you need a warm water + mild detergent solution, and a towel. Simply soak the towel in the solution and use it to clean the grips. Care should be taken so as to not let any moisture get into the shaft. Afterwards, rinse it off with cold water. Don’t use very hot water when cleaning the grips, as that may cause the glue underneath to loosen. Once it’s done, simply dry the grips by wiping them with a dry towel. If some moisture has gotten into the shaft, dry it as well.

Also, check to see if the club has any worn areas, dents, nicks, and other damaged parts. If the grips are worn out, it might be a time to replace the grips themselves. If the shafts themselves are worn out, then it’s time to replace the whole club altogether.

For a quick cleanup during the game, you may also bring a towel around, then after each shot, you may wipe the excess dirt off your clubs with it. Make sure that it doesn’t interfere with your game, though.

Proper Storage

GolfThe best place to store your golf clubs, especially for long periods of time, is inside your home, since it’s the only place around that’s going to be temperature controlled. Only store your clubs in the garage when you’re going to use them again after a few days, to prevent moisture buildup. NEVER store your clubs in the trunk of your car, as that will cause them to develop scratches and dents every time your car moves. Besides, the heat inside the car can also damage the clubs, especially around the grips.

It’s also a good idea to cover the heads of your clubs with a head cover, to protect them from dents and nicks caused when the clubs hit each other. While it’s purely an optional choice for irons, it’s a necessity for woods and putters, due to the glossy finish that their heads have.

It’s always important to clean your gold clubs first before storing them, as any debris retained within them may harden on prolonged storage, thus making them harder to clean the next time around, ruining the value of your clubs.

Best Motivational Speakers Around the World

Motivational speakers help you believe in yourself. They help inspire you to do better in your job. They motivate you to do more and be more, but not all inspirational speakers are the same. Some speakers are mediocre, but a few ones really have the ability to speak from the heart and touch other people’s souls.

Here are the best modern motivational speakers around the world. Our motivational speaking team actually gained inspiration from these remarkable people, which is one of the reasons why our speakers can also do well in various speaking engagements.

1.    Eric Thomas

Eric Thomas grew up in Michigan. He dropped out of school and lived in the streets of Detriot for a few years. While he was living in the streets, he met a preacher who motivated him to go back to school and become a motivational speaker. It took him twelve years to finish college, but he never gave up.

Today, Eric Thomas is one of the best motivational speakers in the world today. He has given a number of motivational talks to companies, athletes, and students. In fact, Lebron James said that Eric Thomas inspired him to win the 2012 NBA championship.

2.    Allan Pease

Allan Pease is one of the most famous inspirational speakers in Australia and the United Kingdom. He was born an achiever and he made it his life mission to inspire others to take the path of excellence. He wrote about sixteen books.Good-Speaker

3.    Andres Lara

Andres Lara is a Cuban motivational speaker known as the Cuban Guy. He started speaking in public at the age of 16 after he escaped Cuba and went to America without any money or home to live in. As of writing, Andres Lara has spoken to different schools, companies, and events in over 33 countries.

4.    Les Brown

Les Brown grew up in poverty. He was declared as mentally retarded when he was still in elementary school. He struggled with low self-esteem throughout his childhood, but he was able to realize his full potential with the help of his mother’s undying support and encouragement. Today, Les Brown is one of the most powerful motivational speakers in the world. He has also become an author, politician, television host, and radio DJ.

5.    Tony Robbins

Tony Robbins is an inspirational speaker, self-help author, and personal finance instructor. Robbins had a tough childhood and worked odd jobs. He was even a janitor before he started promoting seminars for a powerful motivational speaker named Jim Rohn. Today, Tony Robbins is one of the most influential speakers in the world. He gained celebrity status and even appeared in films. He also co-hosted Oprah’s Lifeclass with Oprah Winfrey.

6.    Nick Vujicic

Nick Vujicic is an Australian motivational speaker born with phocomelia. He was born with no arms or legs. As a child, he struggled with self-esteem issues and he was often a victim of bullying. There was a time when he thought about suicide then he realized that he can be an inspiration to others. He started speaking at the age of 19. He travelled around the world and delivered speeches in churches, schools, and events. He has delivered speeches to over three million people in sixty countries.

7.    David Lim

David Lim is one of the best inspirational speakers in Asia. He is also a known mountaineer, leading the first ever Singapore Mt. Everest Expedition in 1998. After he went back from the expedition, he contracted a rare syndrome that paralyzed him. He did not let his paralysis stop him from becoming one of the best speakers in the world.

David Lim specializes in negotiating skills and building high performing teams. His speeches are funny, powerful, compelling, and informative. There’s no doubt that Mr. Lim is one of the most powerful speakers in Asia and in the world.

8.    Deepak Chopra

Deepak Chopra is an Indian American motivational speaker and a best-selling author. He’s one of the most prominent figures in the New Age movement. He’s a licensed doctor in India before moving to the US in the 1970s. He now practiced Ayurveda, a form of alternative medicine. He has spoken to schools, conferences, and medical institutions.

Deepak has also guested on various television shows including Oprah.These top 8 motivational speakers are definitely our favorites. They serve as the inspiration of most of our inspirational speakers. If you need powerful, skilled and passionate speakers, just like the ones above, then you can contact us through our site.

Re-Purposing Portable Storage Containers

Recent years have seen portable storage containers being utilized as an alternative storage solution. These are both cost-effective and easily transportable, touted as promising options for both homeowners and businesses looking for a place to store their excess goods. They are usually called into action during remodeling and renovation work in homes and offices, where a storage space near the site’s immediate vicinity is required. Customers simply store their items in these and remove them once construction is finished.

However, these metal containers are not solely for storage purposes. In places where there is a serious lack of space, metal containers have popped up as a neat solution for commercial spots. Given the multi-purpose and highly customizable nature of these items, many creative methods of re-purposing metal containers have emerged recently.

Below are just three of the many things that you can convert our offered portable storage containers to.
MOBILE OFFICE SPACES

You can convert our offered portable storage containers into mobile office spaces, with a lot of companies around the world already doing so. With the necessary setup, you can convert a bare storage container a conducive working space. The use of our storage containers eliminates the need to look for an office space for lease, which can be rather cost-prohibitive for some companies. In addition, setting up and renovating a bare office space can take months; a smaller space takes less. The less time it requires for a setup to finish, the sooner a team can start work after the necessary preparations.

Movable Container

A mobile office’s layout primarily depends on the container’s shape and orientation. Nevertheless, a few companies have thought outside the constraints of their figurative box when it comes to how their office is laid out. A main concern with re-purposed containers, however, is the tendency to absorb a lot of heat especially on sunny days. This is primarily brought about by the container’s metal construction. Concerns about this can be remedied by the use of insulating foam on the ceiling to minimize heat absorption, coupled with a combination of exhaust fans to remove hot air and air conditioning to cool the space.

DATA CENTERS / SERVER ROOMS

Who would have thought that simple storage containers would also function as viable data center structures or physical server rooms? The all-metal construction and secure locks that we use in our portable storage containers augment this particular purpose: utmost security and privacy for sensitive data. Using our storage container also minimizes the overhead cost required to rent a data center facility or build a new one from the ground up. Large technology companies can simply make their own server setups within their compound, without the need to erect new structures. The walls of our storage containers are opaque and thick, so no one can see while technical support staff work on restoring server functions.

Portable Storage containers

With the server’s constant workload, data centers are subject to large amounts of heat produced by the machines. If not addressed properly, this can cause servers to break down in the long run. Data centers typically call for a constantly cold temperature—something possible with the use of storage containers. The metal walls conduct cold air to easily tone down hot temperatures arising from increased server load. Moreover, servers aren’t only protected inside—but also from outside elements. Metal storage containers are waterproof and windproof, so vital server components remain safe and dry—no matter what season.

COMMAND CENTER FOR CALAMITIES

It is a common fact of life that calamities strike at the most unexpected times. Thus, it is best for everyone to be prepared including government agencies and federal departments. Calamities paralyze vital government operations, and this can affect disaster recovery efforts. People would not be able to go to government offices and the latter would be closed due to the calamity, so it’s important that government functions remain uninterrupted even in disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods.

Storage containers

Our portable storage containers are made in such a way that they can contribute to risk reduction and post-disaster recovery efforts. Put a storage container with a command center setup on the back of a flatbed truck, and government efforts for post-disaster recovery can progress once more. Both government agencies and non-government organizations will benefit from the use of mobile command centers in times of need. Delivering relief goods, rescuing trapped victims, and tending to victims that need medical attention is now possible—all thanks to the mobile command center.

From its humble beginnings as a storage for goods, metal storage containers have seen many uses. They have aided in making businesses function smoothly, and have even contributed to the efforts of governments in times of calamities – all thanks to the creative minds that see beyond the metal container. To gain access to the best storage containers today, you can check out our offers on our official website.
lamities – all thanks to the creative minds that see beyond the metal container.

Different Uses of HCG Diet Drops

The product may be referred to as HCG diet drops but it does not mean to say that it is manufactured for the sole purpose of making people lose weight. The main ingredient of the medication is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), which is naturally produced in a pregnant woman’s body. It was not originally known for its capability to make anyone lose weight, but the symptoms associated with the first trimester of pregnancy gave some people an idea. Here are the different uses of HCG in its product form, whether it is in the form of HCG diet drops or injectable medicine.

As a weight loss supplement

weight lossWhenever people talk about bottled HCG, they are generally talking about weight loss plans. HCG has found to cause a loss in appetite, much like the one that is experienced by a woman in her first trimester of pregnancy. During early pregnancy, a woman may experience nausea and loss of appetite. With the use of the HCG diet, however, two things can cause nausea: the hormone itself and the diet that is to be followed together with it. When on the HCG diet, you are expected to survive on 500 to 800 calories a day only, while being supplemented by HCG diet drops.

As a prescription fertility drug

HCGHCG naturally occurs in pregnant women. So even if we do not have full knowledge like our OBGYNs, we still have a little bit of an idea that it could, as a hormone, somehow help out women in some way. In fact, HCG as a medication is used as a prescription fertility drug. It is used to make ovulation happen. For those who have had problems with fertility and have even previously bought an ovulation kit, you know just how important ovulation is to fertility. The egg needs to be released first in order for it to be fertilized by sperm or pregnancy could not happen. Again, the fertility drugs that contain HCG should be bought with a prescription. Men can also benefit from the fertility drug. Through the use of HCG, they could improve their skin count. Fertility improved by HCG can cause multiple births.

As a reliever of compulsions

HCG diet dropsNot only does HCG promote weight loss, it promotes this by reducing your appetite for food. There are people who find themselves hungry or at least searching for food whenever they are stressed or bored. HCG diet drops could at least take away that particular compulsion. When you are taking the supplement, you do not just get rid of the fats; you may actually lose interest in ingesting the fats. Combine that with food repugnance that also happens during the first trimester of pregnancy and you may have solved your appetite problem. If only the supplement can also solve other compulsions.

As a cure to a pituitary disorder

Not only grown men and women can benefit from HCG diet drops. Young boys whose testicles had not dropped to their scrotum as expected can seek help from this hormone. It should, however, be observed if the HCG causes early puberty in the boys who take the supplement. The hormone can cause the deepening of voices, acne, growth of puberty, and excessive sweating.

HCG may be used for various purposes but it can also come with some unwanted side effects. You just have to make sure that the positive outweighs the negative when making your choice. While HCG does not necessarily harm even when taken at larger doses, you should immediately seek the help of a medical professional if you experience swelling of legs, pelvic pain, urinating less, abdominal distension, among others.